While TGA occurs as a single event for many, estimates of recurrence have ranged from 2.9 to 26.3%, but some studies were retrospective. The estimated minimum annual incidence of TGA is 3.4 per 100,000, though this is likely to be much higher as some people will not present to the hospital and others will be misdiagnosed. Meta-analysis has found no predominance for either gender. Typically, it occurs in individuals aged 50–80 years, with decreased incidence in younger and older populations. Transient global amnesia (TGA) presents as sudden onset anterograde amnesia, with some features of retrograde amnesia, without residual cognitive impairment, of duration < 24 h. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Afterward, my son insisted that I get the cut stitched and walked me to the emergency room, where the intake doctor ruled out any medical explanation for my fall and told me to take it easy for the rest of the day.Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. I had not hit my head and had no headache or bruises, but probably cut my chin on the bike basket.ĭuring the intervening minutes, although I remember none of this, I had apparently walked the bike to my house, brought in my backpack and helmet and put a package of spinach into the refrigerator. I do recall feeling great as I started a slow uphill ride on my block, something I do daily, and then remember nothing else until about 30 minutes later, when I left my house to retrieve my bicycle while holding a wet paper towel under my bleeding chin. I was not dizzy, there was no obstacle I might have hit, and I have no memory of almost falling. I now wonder if what I thought was a mild concussion was really TGA when on a beautiful September morning in 2017 I seem to have fallen off my bike for no apparent reason after swimming laps. Neurologists have also identified a number of precipitating non-drug events: sudden immersion in cold or hot water physical exertion acute emotional or psychological stress pain medical procedures sexual intercourse and the Valsalva manoeuvre (a forceful attempt to exhale against a closed airway).
TGA sometimes occurs after excessive alcohol consumption, large doses of barbiturates or use of illegal drugs. There is also some evidence for a loss of neurons or a disruption in blood flow in a region of the brain’s hippocampus.
One leading suspect is venous congestion, a slowdown of blood flow leaving the brain. Although TGA was well described medically more than 40 years ago, its cause or causes have yet to be established. An episode typically lasts for one to eight hours, most often resolves within a day, and happens again in only 4 or 5 per cent of patients. TGA is a benign condition that leaves no lasting effects except perhaps frustration over the missing memories.
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